00:00 Potential and challenges for blockchain as a preservation tool
What this panel is not about
Assumptions (right and wrong) about NFTs
03:08 The three parts of this presentation
03:48 "Receipts" as inappropriate metaphor for NFTs
05:11 Sample works with significant on-chain dependencies
Mad Dog Jones, John F. Simon, Jr., Rhea Myers, Kevin and Jennifer McCoy
07:48 Rhea Myers' Tokens Equal Text (2019)
09:23 Kevin and Jennifer McCoy's Quantum Leap (2021)
11:49 Time-based media documentation standards and NFTs
12:27 The vulnerability of blockchain nodes
Only 2000 Ethereum operators at the time of this talk
13:50 Blockchain failure points
John F. Simon Jr's Unfolding Object (2001) and Keith Obadike's Blackness for Sale (2001)
16:58 Variable media strategies
Expire, freeze, or sustain?
Reset, fork, or continue?
21:26 Obscurity in blockchain technology
22:58 Components of a blockchain
25:20 Components of a blockchain-based artwork
26:55 Components of the viewer
27:36 The spectrum of paranoia
28:30 Reconstructing these components with a virtual machine
29:03 Open questions for blockchain emulation
Can public transactions really be emulated?
When should you collect a copy of the blockchain?
Should you reset, fork, or continue the existing chain?
30:38 Response from Oliver Grau
31:24 Will one museum suffice or is a network required to preserve a blockchain?
33:35 Are collections considering NFT works that engage cultural content rather than just code?
35:19 Is it possible to emulate currency transactions?
Timecodes are in Minutes: seconds
A claim frequently repeated in the last year by advocates of blockchains and NFTs is that distributed cryptographic ledgers will ensure an accessible and immutable record of born-digital and digitized art for posterity. This panel examines this idea in a nuanced way that neither buys into the hype around NFTs nor rejects the reality that artists are experimenting with these technologies. The analysis draws on cutting-edge experiments such as archival packages prepared for artworks that utilize distributed ledgers, as well as historical precedents such as net art collected by museums. While the field is still in its infancy, the presenters forecast the viability of the most promising proposals for preserving, and being preserved by, the blockchain.
John Bell is a software developer and artist at Dartmouth College. His work there includes acting as Director of the Data Experiences and Visualizations Studio, Associate Director of the Media Ecology Project, Manager of Dartmouth Research Computing‘s Digital Humanities Program, and teaching as a Lecturer in Film and Media Studies. In addition to his work at Dartmouth, he is also an Assistant Professor of Digital Curation at the University of Maine and Senior Researcher at the Still Water Lab.
Regina Harsanyi is passionate about improving and promoting best practices for the longevity of variable media, from plastics to distributed ledger technologies. A graduate of New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts, Harsanyi focuses on time-based media art from historical and technical perspectives in private and public sectors. She has led major time-based media conservation projects for multiple institutions, studios, and collectors, including the Museum of the Moving Image, bitforms gallery, and TRANSFER gallery.
Jon Ippolito is Professor of New Media and Director of Digital Curation at the University of Maine.
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